Seismic Analysis: Attribute Descriptions

 

Attribute Name	Attribute Type	Features of Interest	Description	Parameters
Real Part of Complex Trace	Instantaneous	Horizon Mapping	Recorded part of seismic trace (amplitude)	Hilbert-Butterworth
Imaginary Part of Complex Trace	Instantaneous		Real part phase shifted by 90 degrees	Hilbert-Butterworth
Trace Envelope	Instantaneous	Fault/Edge Detection Unconformities Velocity/Porosity Sedimentary/Lithology Changes Gas/Permeability Changes	Total instantaneous energy of the complex trace	Hilbert-Butterworth
Time Derivative of Envelope	Instantaneous		Rate of change of envelope over time	Hilbert-Butterworth
Instantaneous Phase (Degrees)	Instantaneous	Lateral Continuity Bedding Configurations	Phase of the trace at any given instant	Hilbert-Butterworth
Instantaneous Frequency (Hz)	Instantaneous	Horizon Mapping Lateral Continuity Fracture Detection Bedding Configurations Chaotic Reflector Zone Sedimentary/Lithology Changes Gas/Permeability Changes	Frequency at any given instant - rate of change of phase over time	Hilbert-Butterworth
Dominant Frequency (Hz)	Instantaneous	Horizon Mapping Lateral Continuity Fracture Detection Bedding Configurations Chaotic Reflector Zone	RMS frequency of amplitude spectrum	Hilbert-Butterworth
Band Width (Hz)	Instantaneous		Difference between upper and lower frequencies in a continuous set	Hilbert-Butterworth
Instantaneous Q Factor	Instantaneous	Velocity/Porosity Gas/Permeability Changes Absorption	Seismic attenuation at any given instant	Hilbert-Butterworth
Normalized Amplitude	Instantaneous	Horizon Mapping Lateral Continuity Bedding Configurations	Cosine of instantaneous phase	Hilbert-Butterworth
Relative Acoustic Impedance	Instantaneous	Lateral Continuity Bedding Configurations Unconformities Velocity/Porosity	Pressure from vibration of seismic layer at a given frequency	Hilbert-Butterworth Relative Acoustic Impedance
Wavelet Envelope	Wavelet	Fault/Edge Detection Unconformities Velocity/Porosity Sedimentary/Lithology Changes Gas/Permeability Changes	Instantaneous attributes at maximum point of envelope	Hilbert-Butterworth
Time Derivative of Wavelet Envelope	Wavelet	Absorption	Rate of change of envelope over time	Hilbert-Butterworth
Wavelet Dominant Frequency (Hz)	Wavelet	Horizon Mapping Lateral Continuity Fracture Detection Bedding Configurations Chaotic Reflector Zone	Frequency for wavelet biased towards the dominant frequency	Hilbert-Butterworth
Wavelet Q Factor	Wavelet	Velocity/Porosity Gas/Permeability Changes Absorption	Rate of decay of wavelet envelope	Hilbert-Butterworth
Dip of Maximum Similarity	Geometric	Bedding Configurations	Dip determined from the similarity	Dipscan
Dip Variance	Geometric	Bedding Configurations Depositional Anomalies Unconformities Sedimentary/Lithology Changes	Difference between smoothed dip of maximum similarity and local value of dip of maximum similarity	Dipscan Variance
Similarity	Geometric		Similarity of trace compared to neighbors computed over a moving weighted window	Dipscan
Similarity Variance	Geometric	Depositional Anomalies	Difference between smoothed similarity and local value	Dipscan Variance
Smoothed Dip of Maximum Similarity	Geometric	Fracture Detection Bedding Configurations	Maximum similarity's calculated dip smoothed with low pass filter for long windows	Dipscan
Dip Azimuth	Geometric	Structure	Azimuth of crossline axis is added to azimuth of maximum instantaneous dip	Dipscan
Mean Curvature	Geometric		Mean curvature of each trace and surrounding 8 traces	Curvature
Maximum Curvature	Geometric	Fault/Edge Detection Channel Detection Bedding Configurations	Largest curve at any point	Curvature
Minimum Curvature	Geometric	Channel Detection	Smallest curve at any point	Curvature
Gaussian Curvature	Geometric		Gives a measure of distortion	Curvature
Most Negative Curvature	Geometric	Channel Detection	Largest negative curve at any point	Curvature
Most Positive Curvature	Geometric	Fault/Edge Detection Channel Detection Bedding Configurations	Largest positive curve at any point	Curvature
Spectral Balance Traces	Gabor Morlet		Spectral balancing of the input using the wavelet transform calculated sub bands (each sub band is scaled up to flatten or whiten the spectrum)	Gabor
Band Limited Relative Acoustic Impedance	Gabor Morlet		A simple band limited inversion using integration and 90 degree phase shift	Gabor
Mean Frequency of Spectra	Gabor Morlet		Mean frequency of the spectra calculated from the wavelet transform sub bands	Gabor Spectral
RMS Frequency of Spectra	Gabor Morlet		RMS frequency of the spectra calculated from the wavelet transform sub bands	Gabor Spectral
Band Width of Spectra	Gabor Morlet		Bandwidth of the spectra calculated from the wavelet transform sub bands	Gabor Spectral
Skewness of Spectra	Gabor Morlet		Skewness of the spectra calculated from the wavelet transform sub bands (low frequencies vs. high frequencies)	Gabor Spectral
Kurtosis of Spectra	Gabor Morlet		Kurtosis of the spectra wavelet transform calculated sub bands (measure of peakedness of the spectra)	Gabor Spectral
Maximum Subband of Envelope	Gabor Morlet		Amplitude envelope of the peak frequency of the spectrum as calculated from the wavelet transform sub bands	Gabor Spectral
Frequency of Maximum Subband Envelope	Gabor Morlet		Peak frequency of the spectrum as calculated from the wavelet transform sub bands	Gabor Spectral
Q by Frequency Shift	Gabor Morlet		Absorption Q estimate using a frequency shift method (see other documentation)	Gabor
Q by Spectral Ratio	Gabor Morlet		Absorption Q estimate using a spectral ratio method (see other documentation)	Gabor
Envelope of Sub Bands	Gabor Morlet		Amplitude envelope of the wavelet transform calculated sub bands (no phase information)	Gabor
Phase of Sub Bands	Gabor Morlet		Phase of the wavelet transform calculated sub bands (no amplitude information)	Gabor
Trace of Sub Bands	Gabor Morlet		Full phase and amplitude of the wavelet transform calculated sub bands (wiggle trace data)	Gabor